BRL: Braille through Remote Learning
Home
BRL Courses
Introduction to Braille
Transcribers Course
Special Codes Course
BRL Reference Desk
Summary of Rules
Contractions Lookup
Contractions List
Braille only contractions
Problem Words
Webster's Dictionary
Braille Formats (BANA rules for transcribing textbooks)
Reading List
Other Resources
Contact instructor
Online gradebook
Flashcard program (Java)
Downloadable Software
Braille Supplies
Other Links
American Printing House for the Blind (APH)
Braille Authority of North America (BANA)
National Braille Association (NBA)
National Library Service (NLS, Library of Congress)
|
|
Text Version
13. Final-letter Contractions
- Are subject to the general rules for the use of contractions.
- May never represent whole words.
- May be used only in the middle or at the end of a word.
ele(ment)al |
m(en)tal |
b(less) |
lesson |
c(ance)r |
ance(st)or |
- May be used at the beginning of a line in a divided word.
temp(er)a- (ment) |
hospital- (ity) |
reck- (less) |
- May never be preceded by the apostrophe or the hyphen.
con-(st)i-tu-tion |
grey'(ou)nd |
re(st)-less-ness |
re-ally |
com-m(en)t-(ed) |
'tion! |
- The contraction ness may be used in easily read words, but never when the root word ends in en or in.
gov(er)(ness) |
(ch)iefta(in)ess |
b(ar)o(ness) |
citiz(en)ess |
lio(ness) |
|
14. Short-Form Words
- May be used as parts of words as well as whole words.
(above)bo(ar)d |
un(necessary) |
(be)(little)d |
(first)-born |
c(immediate)ly |
(good)(ness) |
- May never be divided at the end of a line, but may be separated from anmy added syllable.
(immediate)- ly |
un- (perceive)d |
mis- (conceive) |
mid- (afternoon) |
- May never be used as parts of words unless the original meaning is retained.
(sh)(ou)ld(er) |
mu(st)a(ch)e |
bloodlett(er) |
Port Said/TD> |
- May not be used in unusual words.
- The short forms after, blind, and friend are used when followed by a consonant, but may not be used when followed by a vowel unless the vowel begins a line in a divided word.
(after)ma(th) |
(blind)(ness) |
(friend)ly |
aft(er)e(ff)ect |
(bl(in)d(ing) |
(be)fri(en)d(ed) |
(after)- e(ff)ect |
(blind)- (ing) |
(be)(friend)- (ed) |
- May represent a whole proper name, but never part of a word in a proper name.
(Th)omas (Little) |
Jimmy Doolittle |
(The) Quicksilv(er) |
Fri(en)d(sh)ip Hei(gh)ts |
- May be used as parts of common words that are not regarded as proper names in the titles or headings of books, chapters, articles, or songs and in the names of companies or organizations.
(The) (Great)e(st) (St)ory (Ever) Told |
N(one) (such) Bak(ing) Co. |
(Children)s Press |
|
|